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The White River National Wildlife Refuge (officially Dale Bumpers White River National Wildlife Refuge) is a wildlife refuge located in Desha, Monroe, Phillips, and Arkansas counties in the U.S. state of Arkansas. The refuge is managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. White River NWR borders on Cache River National Wildlife Refuge at its northern boundary. In 2013, the FWS proposed the gradual expansion of the refuge up to a maximum of . ==Description== White River National Wildlife Refuge was created in 1935. The refuge is wide and encompassing of the lower of the White River. It also includes of the Arkansas Post Canal which is part of the Army Corps of Engineers' McClellan-Kerr Navigation System on the Arkansas River. The refuge has the largest concentration of wintering mallard ducks in the Mississippi Flyway. It also has large concentrations of snow and Canada geese. The refuge is home to four active bald eagle nests and an American black bear population. Black bears have increased in numbers from about 25 in the 1940s to more than 300.〔Clark, Joseph D., Eastridge, Rick, and Hooker, Michael J. "Effects of Exploitation on Black Bear Populations at White River National Wildlife Refuge ''The Journal of Wildlife Management'', Vol. 74, No. 7 (September 2010), p. 1448〕 It is believed by some to host one of the last populations of the ivory-billed woodpecker, a bird considered extinct or nearly so. The refuge lies with the Mississippi lowland forests ecoregion. Within the refuge, the Sugarberry Natural Area includes a old-growth bottomland hardwood forest of varied composition. The area contains four forest types: American sweetgum, Nuttall's oak, willow oak; sugarberry, American elm, green ash; American sycamore, pecan, American elm; and baldcypress. The refuge has 356 natural and man-made lakes which make up of the refuge. There are of forestland, of agricultural land, and of grassland. The refuge is classified as a Wetland of International Importance. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 ■ウィキペディアで「White River National Wildlife Refuge」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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